APPENDIX 19
CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES
Considering their characteristics, hazardous substances are classified as:
CLASS | DENOMINATION |
1 | Explosives. |
2 | Compressed, refrigerated, liquefied or pressure dissolved gases. |
3 | Flammable liquids. |
4 | Flammable solids. |
5 | Oxidizers and organic peroxides. |
6 | Acute toxins (poisons) and infectious agents. |
7 | Radioactive |
8 | Corrosive |
9 | Various. |
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Explosives or Class 1 includes:
I. EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES: These are substances or mixtures of solid or liquid substances that, spontaneously or by chemical reaction, emit gases at a temperature, pressure, and speed such that they cause damage in the surroundings.
II. PYROTECHNIC SUBSTANCES: These are substances or mixtures of substances intended to produce a calorific, luminous, sonorous, gaseous, or fumigant effect or a combination thereof, as a consequence of a non-detonating self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions.
III. EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS: These are objects that contain one or more explosive substances.
Depending on the type of risk, Class 1 comprises 6 divisions that are:
DIVISION | DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBSTANCES |
1.1 | Substances and objects that represent a risk of explosion of the entire mass, that is, the explosion extends almost instantaneously to almost the entire load. |
1.2 | Substances and objects that represent a risk of projection, but not a risk of explosion of the entire mass. |
1.3 | Substances and objects that represent a risk of fire and that there are small effects of blast, of projection or both, but not risk of explosion of the entire mass. The following substances and objects are included in this division: a) Those whose combustion results in considerable thermal radiation. b) Those who burn successively with small blast, projection, or both effects. |
1.4 | Substances and objects that do not represent a considerable risk. |
1.5 | Very sensitive substances that present a risk of explosion of the entire mass, but that its initiation or transition of fire or detonation under normal transport conditions is very unlikely. |
1.6 | Extremely insensitive objects that do not present a risk of explosion to the entire mass, which contain only substances extremely insensitive to detonation and show a very low probability of accidental initiation and propagation. |
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Class 2, which includes compressed, refrigerated, liquefied, or pressure dissolved gases, are substances that:
I.- At 50º C they have a vapor pressure greater than 300 kPa.
II.- They are completely gaseous at 20 ° C at a normal pressure of 101.3 kPa.
For transport conditions of Class 2 substances are classified according to their physical condition as:
Compressed gas, that which under pressure is completely gaseous at 20 ° C.
Liquefied gas, which is partially liquid at 20 ° C.
Liquefied refrigerated gas, which is partially liquid because of its low temperature.
Gas in solution, one that is compressed and dissolved in a solvent.
According to the type of risk of Class 2, it is divided into:
DIVISION | DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBSTANCES |
2.1 | Flammable gases: Substance that at 20º C and at a normal pressure of 101.3 kPa.: They burn when they are in a mixture of 13% or less by volume of air or have a range of flammability with air of at least 12% regardless of the lower limit of flammability. |
2.2 | Non-flammable, non-toxic gases: Gases that are transported at a pressure of not less than 280 kPa. at 20 ° C, or as a refrigerated liquid and that: a) They are suffocating. Gases that dilute or replace the oxygen normally present in the atmosphere; or b) They are oxidizers. Gases that can, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or contribute, more than air to the combustion of another material. c) They do not fit in the previous ones. |
2.3 | Toxic gases: Gases that: (a) They are known to be toxic or corrosive to humans and therefore constitute a health risk; or b) They are supposed to be toxic or corrosive to humans because they have a CL equal to or less than 5000 Mo / M3 (ppm). |
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Note: Gases that meet the above criteria due to their corrosivity must be classified as toxic with a corrosive secondary risk.
Class 3 or flammable liquids. They are mixtures or liquids containing solid substances in a solution or suspension, which emit flammable vapors at a temperature not exceeding 60.5ºC in closed cup trials or not exceeding 65.6 ° C in an open cup. The substances of this class are:
Liquids that have an initial boiling point of 35ºC or less.
Liquids that have a flash point (in a closed cup) less than 23ºC and an initial boiling point greater than 35ºC.
Liquids that have a flash point (in closed cup) greater than or equal to 23 ° C, less than or equal to 60.5 ° C and an initial boiling point greater than 35 ° C..
Class 4, flammable solids, are substances that present a risk of spontaneous combustion, as well as those that in contact with water emit flammable gases.
Based on the type of risk they are divided into:
DIVISION | DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBSTANCES |
4.1 | Flammable solids. Solid substances that are not included in those classified as explosive but which, by virtue of the conditions that occur during transport, are inflamed easily or can cause or start fires by friction. |
4.2 | Substances that present a risk of spontaneous combustion. Substances that can spontaneously heat up under normal transport conditions or when they come into contact with the air and which can then ignite. |
4.3 | Substances that in contact with water emit flammable gases. Substances that by reaction with water can become spontaneously flammable or release flammable gases in dangerous quantities. |
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Class 5, oxidants, and organic peroxides, are substances that are defined and divided taking into account their risk in:
DIVISION | DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBSTANCES |
5.1 | Oxidizers substances that, without necessarily being combustible, can generally release oxygen, cause, or facilitate the combustion of others. |
5.2 | Organic peroxides Organic substances that contain the bivalent structure -0-0- and can be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, in which one of the hydrogen atoms, or both, have been replaced by organic radicals. Peroxides are thermally unstable substances that can undergo self-accelerated exothermic decomposition. In addition, they can have one or more of the following properties: (a) Be susceptible to explosive decomposition; b) Burn quickly; c) Be sensitive to impacts or friction; d) React dangerously when coming into contact with other substances; e) Cause eye damage. |
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Class 6, acute toxins (poisons) and infectious agents, are substances that are defined and divided, taking into account their risk in:
DIVISION | DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBSTANCES |
6.1 | Acute toxins (poisons): Are those substances that can cause death, serious injury or be harmful to human health if ingested, inhaled or come into contact with the skin. Compressed toxic gases (poisons) can be included in the "Gas" class. |
6.2 | Infectious agents: Are those that contain viable microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, or a hybrid or mutant combination; that are known or believed to cause disease to mankind or animals. |
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Class 7 radioactive, for transport purposes, of all materials whose specific activity is greater than 70 kBq/Kg (2 nCi/g).
Corrosive class 8, are liquid or solid substances that, due to their chemical action, cause serious injuries to living tissues with which they come into contact or that if an escape occurs they can cause damage and even destruction of other merchandise or units in which they are transported.
Class 9 various, are those substances that during transport present a different risk from those corresponding to the other classes and that also require special handling for their transport, because they represent a potential risk to health, the environment, safety to users and property to third parties.